基于KF与ESN的糖厂澄清工段在线预测

糖厂澄清工段是甘蔗制糖的重要工艺环节之一,是一个复杂的物理、化学过程,具有非线性、大时滞、时变等特点.而且不同的榨季、甘蔗的品种、新技术的应用等情况,都可能导致过去良好的控制模型往往不能及时适应新情况的发生.基于大量离线、在线数据,结合回声状态网络(ESN)和Kalman滤波(KF)的特点,设计了应用于糖厂澄清工段的在线自适应预测方法.该方法将Kalman滤波应用于ESN的高维状态空间中,可以直接对网络的输出权值进行更新.将仿真结果与基于EKF的RBF网络相比较,说明了基于KF与ESN的糖厂澄清工段在线预测模型的优越性.     

基于全散度的变分CV模型及其分割算法

CV模型在图像灰度不均匀或有噪声干扰时,易出现错分现象,因此将全散度引入变分CV模型,提出了基于全散度的变分CV模型及其迭代分割算法.分析基于欧氏距离所对应的变分CV模型分割算法存在的问题和不足,通过图示说明全散度相对于欧氏距离在距离计算与坐标系选择无关的优势,将其引入变分CV模型拟合偏差项,来提高图像灰度值与分割区域平均灰度偏差计算的鲁棒性.然后,采用欧拉-拉格朗日变分法获得全散度变分CV模型的偏微分方程,并采用数值计算方法获得该偏微分方程的迭代求解算法.同时在全散度变分CV模型中,增大拟合偏差项的权重系数,加大拟合偏差项在变分模型中的重要性.实验结果表明,全散度变分CV模型具有初始化敏感低、抗噪性强、鲁棒性高等优点.     

完全拒绝策略下批量到达的云中心性能分析

由于云计算环境的动态性、云用户需求的多样性,给保证云用户服务质量(Qo S)而避免资源过度配置带来了极大的困难。为解决上述问题,利用排队理论,提出了请求批量到达和采用完全拒绝策略时的云中心性能分析模型。通过求解该模型获得云中心性能参数的表达式,同时分析了不同配置下云中心的阻塞概率、立即服务概率、响应时间百分比、平均队长与批量到达请求数之间的关系,并通过数值仿真进行结果验证。结果表明:采用完全拒绝策略时,随着批量到达请求数的增加,云中心性能下降较快,而通过增加服务器数量和缓冲区长度能有效提高系统性能。     

利用探空资料验证北京地区OMPS卫星臭氧产品

臭氧成像廓线仪（Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite, OMPS）可提供高垂直分辨率的臭氧垂直分布,能为研究大气臭氧的时空分布提供观测数据。为验证OMPS臭氧产品的精确性,选取2016~2018年北京地区的臭氧探空资料对OMPS v2.5臭氧廓线及v2.1臭氧总量进行对比分析。对比结果表明：在北京地区上空OMPS的臭氧垂直分布与臭氧探空资料在平流层中上层有较好一致性,相对偏差小于10%;在对流层中上层相对偏差较大,总体范围在15%~40%,部分情况超过80%;OMPS平流层臭氧总量与臭氧探空廓线积分的平流层臭氧总量相对偏差较小,平均偏差小于5%,均方根误差为18.3 DU,相关系数达到0.89;二者对流层臭氧总量平均偏差超过30%,对流层柱总量相关系数0.62。     

A TVD-WAF-based hybrid finite volume and finite difference scheme for nonlinearly dispersive wave equations

A total variation diminishing-weighted average flux(TVD-WAF)-based hybrid numerical scheme for the enhanced version of nonlinearly dispersive Boussinesq-type equations was developed. The one-dimensional governing equations were rewritten in the conservative form and then discretized on a uniform grid. The finite volume method was used to discretize the flux term while the remaining terms were approximated with the finite difference method. The second-order TVD-WAF method was employed in conjunction with the Harten-Lax-van Leer(HLL) Riemann solver to calculate the numerical flux, and the variables at the cell interface for the local Riemann problem were reconstructed via the fourthorder monotone upstream-centered scheme for conservation laws(MUSCL). The time marching scheme based on the third-order TVD RungeKutta method was used to obtain numerical solutions. The model was validated through a series of numerical tests, in which wave breaking and a moving shoreline were treated. The good agreement between the computed results, documented analytical solutions, and experimental data demonstrates the correct discretization of the governing equations and high accuracy of the proposed scheme, and also conforms the advantages of the proposed shock-capturing scheme for the enhanced version of the Boussinesq model, including the convenience in the treatment of wave breaking and moving shorelines and without the need for a numerical filter.     

Influence of total pressure on the microstructures and growth mechanism of ZrC coatings prepared by chemical vapor deposition from the Zr-Br2-C3H6-H2-Ar system

Zirconium carbide (ZrC) coatings were deposited on graphite substrates by chemical vapor deposition from the Zr-Br₂-C₃H₆-H₂-Ar system. The influence of total pressure on the growth of ZrC was investigated in the range of 5–60 kPa. As the total pressure increased, the deposition rate increased evidently, and the preferential orientation of ZrC coatings changed from the (200) plane to the (220) plane. The growth mechanism changed from a mass transport reaction to a surface reaction at the total pressure of 20–40 kPa. At the total pressure below 20 kPa, the deposition was dominated by crystal growth, so the coatings were composed of well-faceted pyramidal-shaped crystals growing along the <001> direction. At the total pressure above 60 kPa, the growth of ZrC coatings was controlled by the nucleation mechanism, so the coatings were cluster-like crystals rapidly growing along the <110> direction. In addition, low pressure was conducive to the formation of near-stoichiometric ZrC without free carbon. These variations of ZrC coatings can mainly be attributed to gas supersaturation and remarkably changed transport diffusion coefficients with increasing total pressure.     

硝酸-过氧化氢消解测定废水中的总铬

建立了HNO_3-H_2O_2消解测定废水中的总铬的方法。该方法在0.020~0.300 mg/L范围内线性良好,实际样品测定结果与标准方法一致,检出限为0.003 76 mg/L,加标回收率在92.0%~103%之间。与标准方法相比,该方法还具有操作简单,浓酸使用量少,精密度高、准确度高等特点。     

Wear Analysis of Extracted Polyethylene Acetabular Cups Using a 3D Optical Scanner

Wear analysis of total hip replacements (THRs) is considered one of the most relevant research areas helping to improve the longevity and overall design of THRs. The coordinate machine method (CMM) and Fourier profilometry are the most common methods for measuring THR wear. This article presents optical scanner digitalization as a new method for measuring the wear of polyethylene (PE) acetabular cups. The aim of this article is to explore the potential of this method for the PE wear measurements. Optical scans for the purposes of this study were produced using an ATOS Triple Scan 3D optical scanner. The optical scanner is efficient and it can measure a large number of points for polygonization and for further development of the preworn models. In this study, the scanner first generated point clouds on a sample of 13 retrieved ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) acetabular cups. Next, volumetric models of the cups were created by polygonizing the point clouds. Reverse engineering was used to develop models of the original acetabular cups using the geometry of the unworn parts of the retrieved cups. A comparison of the two models then showed the total volume of the PE debris. The optical scanning method was validated against the gravimetric method using three new acetabular cups that were worn out on a hip pendulum simulator. Validation shows that the optical scanning method is a valid method for wear analysis of the retrieved UHMWPE acetabular cups.     

Groundwater contamination risks with manure-borne microorganisms under different land-application options

There is a huge potential for recycling animal manure in agricultural farms, but fecal microorganisms from land-applied animal manure can join shallow groundwater through leaching especially in alluvial formations. Thus, this study investigated the leaching rate of total viable count (TVC) below a 1.1-m soil depth in a field lysimeter planted with rice–maize–rice rotation, where the rotation received different treatments, i.e., chemical fertilizer, dry manure, fresh manure, alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation, and traditional irrigation. Leachate samples of six major irrigation/rainfall events were collected and analyzed for TVC concentration. In the Aman rice season, manure application had a significantly higher TVC leaching (5.5 × 10⁶ colony forming units (CFU) per milliliter) than the no-manure treatment (8.2 × 10⁴ CFU/mL). In the maize season, manure application increased more than one log-scale of TVC leaching concentration. A higher concentration of TVC leaching (3 × 10⁵ CFU/mL) was observed even after 93 d of fresh manure application. The fresh manure had a higher TVC load, and it possibly helped microorganisms survive longer by providing a more manure-like environment in the soil. In the Boro rice season, manure application increased the TVC leaching up to 3–4 log-scale compared with the control treatment. The AWD irrigation increased TVC leaching compared with the continuous irrigation because the desiccation fractures developed in the AWD irrigation helped TVC bypass the organic-rich topsoil. The Boro rice fields had higher TVC leaching than the maize fields with higher manure doses. The study suggests that there is scope to improve manure management to protect the groundwater quality.